VPS筆記 Ubutnu 16.04 Nginx + PHP7 + MariaDB
系統升級 & 防牆設定
aptitude update
aptitude dist-upgrade
apt-get clean
ufw enable
ufw allow 80/tcp
ufw allow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
vi /etc/hostname
vi /etc/hosts
reboot
安裝網頁Nginx及資料庫伺服器MariaDB
aptitude install nginx mariadb-server
ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'
ufw allow 'Nginx HTTPS' <= 很重要！
install php-fpm php-mysql php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-zip postfix
vi /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
systemctl restart php7.0-fpm
mysql -u root -p (第一次不用密碼)
GRANT all ON *.* TO root@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '密碼';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit
發現一直不斷的收到錯誤訊息的信件
/etc/cron.daily/logrotate:
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)'
error: error running shared postrotate script for '/var/log/mysql/mysql.log /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log /var/log/mysql/mariadb-slow.log /var/log/mysql/error.log '
run-parts: /etc/cron.daily/logrotate exited with return code 1
查到這一段
vi /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-server
mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf flush-logs
變怪的，應該是BUG吧，因為修了debian.cnf的內容，即便是給了密碼，還是會出現錯誤訊息
解決方式就是自訂帳密囉~
mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf flush-logs -u root -prootassword
安裝Drush
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar composer
alias composer='/usr/bin/php ~/composer'
composer global require drush/drush
alias drush='/usr/bin/php ~/.config/composer/vendor/drush/drush/drush.php'
Nginx的設定檔寫入方式
vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.yoursite.com
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.yoursite.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/www.yoursite.com
/etc/init.d/nginx restart
Drupal7 Nginx設定檔參考
server {
listen 80 ;
server_name www.yoursite.com;
root /var/www/yoursite; ## <-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/chain.pem;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:128m;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31557600; includeSubDomains";
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
server_name www.yoursite.com;
resolver 8.8.8.8;
root /var/www/yoursite; ## <-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">}
<-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Very rarely should these ever be accessed outside of your lan
location ~* \.(txt|log)$ {
allow 192.168.0.0/16;
deny all;
}
location ~ \..*/.*\.php$ {
return 403;
}
location ~ ^/sites/.*/private/ {
return 403;
}
# Allow "Well-Known URIs" as per RFC 5785
location ~* ^/.well-known/ {
allow all;
}
# Block access to "hidden" files and directories whose names begin with a
# period. This includes directories used by version control systems such
# as Subversion or Git to store control files.
location ~ (^|/)\. {
return 403;
}
location / {
try_files $uri @rewrite; # For Drupal <= 6
# try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string; # For Drupal >= 7
}
location @rewrite {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?q=$1;
}
# Don't allow direct access to PHP files in the vendor directory.
location ~ /vendor/.*\.php$ {
deny all;
return 404;
}
# In Drupal 8, we must also match new paths where the '.php' appears in
# the middle, such as update.php/selection. The rule we use is strict,
# and only allows this pattern with the update.php front controller.
# This allows legacy path aliases in the form of
# blog/index.php/legacy-path to continue to route to Drupal nodes. If
# you do not have any paths like that, then you might prefer to use a
# laxer rule, such as:
# location ~ \.php(/|$) {
# The laxer rule will continue to work if Drupal uses this new URL
# pattern with front controllers other than update.php in a future
# release.
location ~ '\.php$|^/update.php' {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(|/.*)$;
# Security note: If you're running a version of PHP older than the
# latest 5.3, you should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini.
# See http://serverfault.com/q/627903/94922 for details.
include fastcgi_params;
# Block httpoxy attacks. See https://httpoxy.org/.
fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY "";
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
# PHP 5 socket location.
#fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_read_timeout 30;
# PHP 7 socket location.
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
}
# Fighting with Styles? This little gem is amazing.
location ~ ^/sites/.*/files/imagecache/ { # For Drupal <= 6
#location ~ ^/sites/.*/files/styles/ { # For Drupal >= 7
try_files $uri @rewrite;
}
# Handle private files through Drupal. Private file's path can come
# with a language prefix.
location ~ ^(/[a-z\-]+)?/system/files/ { # For Drupal >= 7
try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
expires max;
log_not_found off;
}
}
<-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">
Drush更新程式
alias drush='/usr/bin/php ~/.config/composer/vendor/drush/drush/drush.php'
drush updatedb;drush pm-update -y;drush l10n-update-refresh;drush l10n-update;drush cc all
Nginx進站加密
location / {
auth_basic "Restricted Content"; # 加密用
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd; # 加密用
try_files $uri @rewrite; # For Drupal <= 6
# try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string; # For Drupal >= 7
}
Nginx使用https
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yoursite.com;
return 301 https://www.yoursite.com$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/chain.pem;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:128m;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31557600; includeSubDomains";
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
<-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your=""> server_name www.yoursite.com;
root /var/www/yoursite; ## <-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
<-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your=""> access_log off;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------
錯誤小筆記
中間如果有遇到權限問題，記得chown -R www-data:www-data sites/default/files/
$conf['advagg_skip_404_check'] = TRUE;
https://www.drupal.org/node/2318375
Nginx使用SSL憑證的方式有點不太一樣！務必照著下面網頁的方法做，因為我原先用之前使用Apache時的憑證，遇到憑證出錯的問題，應該是說Nginx需求的憑證要求會比較多
https://letsecure.me/secure-web-deployment-with-lets-encrypt-and-nginx/
htpasswd
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-password-authentication-with-nginx-on-ubuntu-14-04
aptitude update
aptitude dist-upgrade
apt-get clean
ufw enable
ufw allow 80/tcp
ufw allow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
vi /etc/hostname
vi /etc/hosts
reboot
安裝網頁Nginx及資料庫伺服器MariaDB
aptitude install nginx mariadb-server
ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'
ufw allow 'Nginx HTTPS' <= 很重要！
install php-fpm php-mysql php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-zip postfix
vi /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
systemctl restart php7.0-fpm
mysql -u root -p (第一次不用密碼)
GRANT all ON *.* TO root@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '密碼';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit
發現一直不斷的收到錯誤訊息的信件
/etc/cron.daily/logrotate:
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)'
error: error running shared postrotate script for '/var/log/mysql/mysql.log /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log /var/log/mysql/mariadb-slow.log /var/log/mysql/error.log '
run-parts: /etc/cron.daily/logrotate exited with return code 1
查到這一段
vi /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-server
mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf flush-logs
變怪的，應該是BUG吧，因為修了debian.cnf的內容，即便是給了密碼，還是會出現錯誤訊息
解決方式就是自訂帳密囉~
mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf flush-logs -u root -prootassword
安裝Drush
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar composer
alias composer='/usr/bin/php ~/composer'
composer global require drush/drush
alias drush='/usr/bin/php ~/.config/composer/vendor/drush/drush/drush.php'
Nginx的設定檔寫入方式
vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.yoursite.com
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.yoursite.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/www.yoursite.com
/etc/init.d/nginx restart
Drupal7 Nginx設定檔參考
server {
listen 80 ;
server_name www.yoursite.com;
root /var/www/yoursite; ## <-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/chain.pem;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:128m;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31557600; includeSubDomains";
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
server_name www.yoursite.com;
resolver 8.8.8.8;
root /var/www/yoursite; ## <-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">}
<-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Very rarely should these ever be accessed outside of your lan
location ~* \.(txt|log)$ {
allow 192.168.0.0/16;
deny all;
}
location ~ \..*/.*\.php$ {
return 403;
}
location ~ ^/sites/.*/private/ {
return 403;
}
# Allow "Well-Known URIs" as per RFC 5785
location ~* ^/.well-known/ {
allow all;
}
# Block access to "hidden" files and directories whose names begin with a
# period. This includes directories used by version control systems such
# as Subversion or Git to store control files.
location ~ (^|/)\. {
return 403;
}
location / {
try_files $uri @rewrite; # For Drupal <= 6
# try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string; # For Drupal >= 7
}
location @rewrite {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?q=$1;
}
# Don't allow direct access to PHP files in the vendor directory.
location ~ /vendor/.*\.php$ {
deny all;
return 404;
}
# In Drupal 8, we must also match new paths where the '.php' appears in
# the middle, such as update.php/selection. The rule we use is strict,
# and only allows this pattern with the update.php front controller.
# This allows legacy path aliases in the form of
# blog/index.php/legacy-path to continue to route to Drupal nodes. If
# you do not have any paths like that, then you might prefer to use a
# laxer rule, such as:
# location ~ \.php(/|$) {
# The laxer rule will continue to work if Drupal uses this new URL
# pattern with front controllers other than update.php in a future
# release.
location ~ '\.php$|^/update.php' {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(|/.*)$;
# Security note: If you're running a version of PHP older than the
# latest 5.3, you should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini.
# See http://serverfault.com/q/627903/94922 for details.
include fastcgi_params;
# Block httpoxy attacks. See https://httpoxy.org/.
fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY "";
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
# PHP 5 socket location.
#fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_read_timeout 30;
# PHP 7 socket location.
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
}
# Fighting with Styles? This little gem is amazing.
location ~ ^/sites/.*/files/imagecache/ { # For Drupal <= 6
#location ~ ^/sites/.*/files/styles/ { # For Drupal >= 7
try_files $uri @rewrite;
}
# Handle private files through Drupal. Private file's path can come
# with a language prefix.
location ~ ^(/[a-z\-]+)?/system/files/ { # For Drupal >= 7
try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
expires max;
log_not_found off;
}
}
<-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">
Drush更新程式
alias drush='/usr/bin/php ~/.config/composer/vendor/drush/drush/drush.php'
drush updatedb;drush pm-update -y;drush l10n-update-refresh;drush l10n-update;drush cc all
Nginx進站加密
location / {
auth_basic "Restricted Content"; # 加密用
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd; # 加密用
try_files $uri @rewrite; # For Drupal <= 6
# try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string; # For Drupal >= 7
}
Nginx使用https
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yoursite.com;
return 301 https://www.yoursite.com$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yoursite.com/chain.pem;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:128m;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31557600; includeSubDomains";
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
<-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your=""> server_name www.yoursite.com;
root /var/www/yoursite; ## <-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your="">
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
<-- only="" p="" path="" reference.="" your=""> access_log off;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------
錯誤小筆記
中間如果有遇到權限問題，記得chown -R www-data:www-data sites/default/files/
$conf['advagg_skip_404_check'] = TRUE;
https://www.drupal.org/node/2318375
Nginx使用SSL憑證的方式有點不太一樣！務必照著下面網頁的方法做，因為我原先用之前使用Apache時的憑證，遇到憑證出錯的問題，應該是說Nginx需求的憑證要求會比較多
https://letsecure.me/secure-web-deployment-with-lets-encrypt-and-nginx/
htpasswd
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-password-authentication-with-nginx-on-ubuntu-14-04
留言