2020年VPS筆記( Ubuntu 18.04 LTS)

VPS 啟用Ubuntu 18.04後的安裝步驟 PS.我的VPS預設的角色為root

01.啟用ufw

ufw enable

ufw allow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (填上自己連入的IP)

02.系統升級

aptitude update

aptitude dist-upgrade

03.修改主機名稱(通常預設為IP，我會習慣改成方便管理的名稱)

vi /etc/hostname

04.加入不同版本的php來源

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

aptitude update

        

05.安裝nginx、mysql、php

aptitude install nginx mysql-server mysql-client php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql php7.2-gd php7.2-xml php7.2-mbstring php7.2-zip php7.2-curl php7.2-apcu unzip vim

PS.由於我是用drupal 7.x，所以才會用步驟4，如果把版次拿掉，預設會使用php7.4

PS.如果有不同版本要抽換，可執行 update-alternatives --set php /usr/bin/php7.2

php7.3-fpm php7.3-mysql php7.3-gd php7.3-xml php7.3-mbstring php7.3-zip php7.3-curl php7.3-apcu

06.開通ufw連線

ufw allow 80/tcp

ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'

ufw allow 'Nginx HTTPS'

07.設定mysql密碼 ( yourpassword 要換成自己的密碼 )

mysql -u root

DROP USER 'root'@'localhost';

CREATE USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;

SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('yourpassword');

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

08.安裝drush

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | sudo php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer

composer global require drush/drush:8.3.5

alias drush='/usr/bin/php ~/.composer/vendor/drush/drush/drush.php'

drush init

PS.由於我是要用Drupal 7.x所以才在global選用8.3.5版 ( 版次可 參考  )

PS.alias drush='/usr/bin/php ~/.config/composer/vendor/drush/drush/drush.php' <= 這段也有可能是這樣，就依照當時安裝的路徑找一下

9.設定nginx (drupal 7.x) 

vi /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/sitename

sitename 值可參考

server {
    server_name www.sitename.com;
    root /var/www/sitename; ## <-- Your only path reference.

    location = /favicon.ico {
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    location = /ads.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Very rarely should these ever be accessed outside of your lan
    location ~* \.(txt|log)$ {
        allow 192.168.0.0/16;
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ \..*/.*\.php$ {
        return 403;
    }

    location ~ ^/sites/.*/private/ {
        return 403;
    }

    # Block access to scripts in site files directory
    location ~ ^/sites/[^/]+/files/.*\.php$ {
        deny all;
    }

    # Allow "Well-Known URIs" as per RFC 5785
    location ~* ^/.well-known/ {
        allow all;
    }

    # Block access to "hidden" files and directories whose names begin with a
    # period. This includes directories used by version control systems such
    # as Subversion or Git to store control files.
    location ~ (^|/)\. {
        return 403;
    }

    location / {
        # try_files $uri @rewrite; # For Drupal <= 6
        try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string; # For Drupal >= 7
    }

    location @rewrite {
        rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?q=$1;
    }

    # Don't allow direct access to PHP files in the vendor directory.
    location ~ /vendor/.*\.php$ {
        deny all;
        return 404;
    }

    # In Drupal 8, we must also match new paths where the '.php' appears in
    # the middle, such as update.php/selection. The rule we use is strict,
    # and only allows this pattern with the update.php front controller.
    # This allows legacy path aliases in the form of
    # blog/index.php/legacy-path to continue to route to Drupal nodes. If
    # you do not have any paths like that, then you might prefer to use a
    # laxer rule, such as:
    #   location ~ \.php(/|$) {
    # The laxer rule will continue to work if Drupal uses this new URL
    # pattern with front controllers other than update.php in a future
    # release.
    location ~ '\.php$|^/update.php' {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(|/.*)$;
        # Security note: If you're running a version of PHP older than the
        # latest 5.3, you should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini.
        # See http://serverfault.com/q/627903/94922 for details.
        include fastcgi_params;
        # Block httpoxy attacks. See https://httpoxy.org/.
        fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY "";
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        # PHP 5 socket location.
        #fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
        # PHP 7 socket location.
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
    }

    # Fighting with Styles? This little gem is amazing.
    # location ~ ^/sites/.*/files/imagecache/ { # For Drupal <= 6
    location ~ ^/sites/.*/files/styles/ { # For Drupal >= 7
        try_files $uri @rewrite;
    }

    # Handle private files through Drupal. Private file's path can come
    # with a language prefix.
    location ~ ^(/[a-z\-]+)?/system/files/ { # For Drupal >= 7
        try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg)$ {
        try_files $uri @rewrite;
        expires max;
        log_not_found off;
    }

}

10.安裝drupal7

mysqladmin -u root create sitename

cd /var/www/

drush dl drupal-7

mv  drupal-7.71 sitename

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/sitename

11.安裝SSL使用 certbot

add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot

aptitude install python-certbot-nginx

certbot -d sitename.com -d www.sitename.com

12.更改時區

dpkg-reconfigure tzdata